某水电厂励磁系统跨接器故障分析

本文对一起机组起励时灭磁电阻严重烧坏并最终导致停机的事故进行分析,查找出灭磁电阻严重烧坏的原因.通过一系列试验,模拟机组起励停机过程,证明此次故障是由于机械跨接器在实际运行中存在缺陷造成的.最后,为防止此类事故再次发生,提出相关技术改造意见,以保证励磁系统安全稳定运行.     

Effects of different types of potato resistant starches on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids under in vitro fermentation

The prebiotic effects of potato resistant starches RS1, RS2, RS3a, RS3b and RS4 were studied using simulated gut fermentation in vitro. The intestinal microbial composition was significantly changed by resistant starch (RS) after 24-h fermentation. All RSs (P < 0.05) decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and RS2 exhibited the lowest value of 0.95 ± 0.07. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased by RS4, whereas Megamonas and Prevotella were promoted by RS2. Further, RS4 produced the highest levels of acetate (138.34 µM), whereas RS2 produced the highest levels of propionate (41.45 µM) and butyrate (21.65 µM). However, Bifidobacterium did not promote the production of propionate or butyrate, even though it was proficient in fermenting RS. Megamonas and Prevotella were positively associated with the higher production of propionate and butyrate. Here, different RSs played key roles in promoting intestinal health, and RS2 especially showed more abundant probiotic functions.     

On the dependence of interfacial resistance on contact materials between cathode and interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells

The dependence of interfacial contact resistance (ICR) on contact materials between cathode and interconnect is systematically studied under both isothermal oxidation and thermal cycling conditions. Three kinds of cathode current-collecting layer (CCCL) are used, (La,Sr) (Co,Fe)O₃ (LSCF), LSCF+10%Ag, and Ag, and tested in a SUS430/CCCL/SUS430 sandwich structure to simulate the actual operation of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Experimental results show that the ICR of LSCF+10%Ag exhibits the smallest value, in comparison with the specimens with LSCF and Ag paste, as well as the sample without a CCCL. For LSCF+10%Ag contact, the ICR increases from 0.0069 mΩ cm² to 3.74 mΩ cm² under an isothermal condition for 150 h, then increases from 3.74 mΩ cm² to 10.79 mΩ cm² after 15 thermal cycles. This work provides information for the understanding of possible mechanisms of performance degradation of SOFCs.     

Superior catalysis of NbN nanoparticles with intrinsic multiple valence on reversible hydrogen storage properties of magnesium hydride

Magnesium hydride, as a potential solid state hydrogen carrier has attracted great attention around the world especially in the energy storage domain due to the high hydrogen storage capacity and the good cycling stability. But kinetic and thermodynamic barriers also impede the practical application and development of MgH₂. Nanoscale catalysts are deemed to be the most effective measure to overcome the kinetic barrier and lower the temperature required for hydrogen release in MgH₂. NbN nanoparticles (~20 nm) with intrinsic Nb³⁺-N and Nb⁵⁺-N were prepared using the molten salt method and used as catalysts in the MgH₂ system. It is found that the NbN nanoparticles exhibit a superior catalytic effect on de/rehydrogenation kinetics for the MgH₂/Mg system. About 6.0 wt% hydrogen can be liberated for the MgH₂+5NbN sample within 5 min at 300 °C, and it takes 12 min to desorb the same amount of hydrogen at 275 °C. Meanwhile, the MgH₂+5NbN sample can absorb 6.0 wt% hydrogen within 16 min at 150 °C, and absorb 5.0 wt% hydrogen within 24 min even at 100 °C. Particularly, the catalyzed samples exhibit excellent hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic stability. After multiple cycles, there is no kinetic attenuation and the hydrogen capacity remains at about 6.0 wt%. It is demonstrated that the NbN nanoparticles with intrinsic multiple valence can be the critical effect in improving the hydrogen storage kinetics of MgH₂. The stability of Nb₄N₃ phase and Nb³⁺-N and Nb⁵⁺-N valence states can ensure a stable catalytic effect in the system.     

基于ANSYS的某水闸除险加固稳定性分析研究

依据某水闸除险加固设计方案,利用ANSYS建模与理论计算模型,开展水闸的渗流、翼墙及闸室应力稳定性分析,采用拆除全部闸墩,保留闸室底板;以1.5孔1联重新修筑底板结构;拆除上、下游全部翼墙,以原有底板地基重新设计建设对称分布重力式翼墙。研究获得了闸室在正、反向挡水工况下渗透压力最大值分布区域与渗透坡降值,均低于允许值0.15~0.25。分析获得了上、下游重新设计修筑后基底压力均满足设计要求,且下游翼墙基底压力高于上游翼墙,地震动因素能削弱翼墙抗滑稳定性。研究获得了闸室结构应力分布云图、地应力均匀系数及抗滑安全稳定系数,均满足规范要求,拉应力仅在局部区域出现,最大拉应力为2.74 MPa,低于材料抗拉强度。论文为病害水闸等水利工程除险加固稳定性分析提供一定的参考。     

割煤截齿摩擦石英砂岩引燃(爆)煤壁短钻孔涌出瓦斯的危险性研究

本文针对夹矸(石英砂岩)煤层的综采工作面,存在割煤截齿摩擦石英砂岩引燃(爆)浅孔抽放短钻孔涌出瓦斯的风险,以试验工作面为研究背景,通过Fluent数值模拟和MATLAB数据处理分析,研究了对采煤机滚筒后方浅孔抽放钻孔口周围瓦斯引燃危险区的分布规律,并在现场释放CO2模拟了钻孔瓦斯涌出的情况,测得的CO2体积分数分布与数值模拟结果基本一致.研究结果表明:当钻孔口处于采煤机滚筒后方不同位置时,其周围瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的形状、大小及在钻孔口的分布方位都发生变化.随着钻孔瓦斯流量的增大,瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的形状基本相同,面积增大,竖直长度随之线性增加;但在采煤机滚筒后方1 m这个最易引起爆炸的范围内,瓦斯引燃(爆)危险区的面积并不大,最大竖直长度为196 mm,如果在竖直方向将钻孔距石英砂岩的安全距离控制在392 mm以上,可以避免浅孔抽放短钻孔涌出瓦斯被引燃(爆)的风险.     

更新

25年前,中国城市规划学会在无锡开年会,会上成立了一个二级组织叫城市更新学术委员会。专家们当时提出,城市更新不是简单的房屋拆迁或改造,而是对原有城市或城市中某些地区的机能加以提高、用地结构加以调整、环境质量加以改善、建筑物构筑物等物质设施加以改造,使之适应当今社会发展的需要。同时呼吁"政府要加强对城市更新改造的统筹管理"。     

Controlled fabrication of Pr(OH)3 nanowires for enhanced photocatalytic activities

In this report, praseodymium hydroxide Pr(OH)₃ nanowires with different aspect ratios (length to diameter ratios) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal approach. The variations in alkali concentration during synthesis are found to form different aspect ratios of nanowires. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis demonstrate the absence of any impurity phases in as-prepared materials. Subsequently, photocatalytic activities of as-prepared nanowires were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO). Our findings reveal that the nanowires with larger aspect ratios have higher photocatalytic efficiency than the smaller aspect ratio samples. X-ray photospectroscopy investigations reveal that the samples with higher aspect ratio are found to exhibit more oxygen vacancies as compared to lower aspect ratio samples. The enhanced photocatalytic activities can be attributed to the presence of higher percentage of active crystal facet (100), higher concentration of defects densities and narrower band gap. Thus, Pr(OH)₃ nanowires can be considered as a potential candidate for the application of wastewater treatment and related technologies.     

防振条约束失效对蒸汽发生器传热管面内流弹失稳的影响研究

根据防振条布置以及面内支承连续失效个数，将防振条面内约束失效分析划分为多种工况，分析了不同工况下面内约束失效对传热管面内模态的影响，采用各位置阻尼在振型函数上进行加权平均的方法计算了各阶模态的阻尼比，进而研究了防振条面内不同约束对传热管面内流弹失稳的影响。分析结果表明，随着面内支承连续失效位置的增多，弯管段面内首阶模态频率不断降低，出现在弯管段的振型越加明显；弯管段面内首阶模态不一定是最大流弹失稳比值出现的模态，最大流弹失稳比值出现模态的振型几乎都出现在弯管段；随着面内支承连续失效位置的增多，面内流弹失稳比值不断增大，当连续3个及以上防振条面内约束失效时，将出现流弹失稳现象。     

AP对HATO热分解影响的机制

为详细了解高氯酸铵(AP)对5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧二羟铵(HATO)热分解影响的机制,采用热重-质谱-傅里叶红外光谱(TG-MS-FTIR)联用技术、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)方法,对HATO和HATO/AP共混物的热分解特性、气体产物以及凝聚相变化进行了研究。结果表明,HATO具有两个连续热分解阶段,HATO/AP共混物则有3个热分解阶段;HATO、AP共混后,HATO使得AP熔融峰消失,AP可使HATO的热分解初始温度提前,热分解时间延长且不影响分解完全性;HATO热分解气体产物有CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、NO、N_2、H_2O,而HATO/AP共混物热分解产生气体主要有N_2、CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、H_2O、HCN、NO、HCl、NOCl;另外,采用等转化率法计算HATO和HATO/AP共混物四唑环基团的活化能分别为53.38 kJ·mol~(-1)和60.69 kJ·mol~(-1);通过对比HATO和HATO/AP共混物热分解特性以及凝聚相特征基团的变化,阐释了AP使HATO热分解温度提前的机理很可能是:AP的铵根离子与HATO之间发生了质子转移;推测AP导致HATO热分解时间延长的原因为:HATO/AP共混物产生的NH_3与热分解中间体1,1'-二羟基-5,5-联四唑(BTO)反应生成5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧铵盐(ABTOX)。